The third day of the Lunar New Year, known traditionally as Chor San, carries a unique blend of quiet rest and specific cultural prohibitions designed to influence fortune and peace for the coming year. While often recognized as the “Day of Red Mouth” (Chi Kou), a time traditionally avoided for formal visits due to heightened risk of conflict, ancient customs also dictate specific dietary restrictions aimed at securing agricultural bounty.
The Cultural Significance of Chi Kou
Following the flurry of activities on the first two days of the New Year, the third day is proverbially designated for rest, as captured in the traditional saying: “First day early, second day early, third day sleep until full.” This period allows families to recuperate after extensive visiting and feasting.
However, the day is also named Chi Kou Ri (Red Mouth Day) or Chi Gou Ri (Red Dog Day). This designation stems from ancient folklore, where Chi Gou (Red Dog) is characterized as a malevolent deity associated with arguments, slander, and litigation. The phonetic similarity between Chi Gou and Chi Kou (Red Mouth) subsequently led to the popular belief that the third day inherently increases the likelihood of verbal disputes and conflict. Furthermore, the color “red” (chi) in this context evokes the intensity of an angry, flushed face (mian hong er chi).
Consequently, prevailing tradition strongly advised against formalized New Year’s calls (bai nian) on this day to prevent unnecessary confrontations and maintain harmony within the community.
Mitigating Conflict Through Symbolic Action
To actively counteract the potentially negative influence of Chi Kou, people historically engaged in a custom known as “pasting the red mouth” (tie chi kou). This practice involves writing auspicious phrases on small red strips of paper and affixing them to doorframes. This ceremony serves as a proactive measure to invite peace and deflect ill will associated with the day.
While often confused with Fai Chun (spring couplets), which are general decorative features used throughout the entire Spring Festival period, tie chi kou is a specific ritual uniquely performed on the third day, directly addressing the day’s volatile reputation. Both customs, however, utilize the potent symbolism of red paper and calligraphy to attract good fortune.
An Ancient Vow for Agricultural Prosperity
Beyond avoiding conflict, ancient Chinese agrarian society layered another critical tradition onto Chor San: a strict prohibition on consuming rice.
The third day of the Lunar New Year is traditionally celebrated as the “Birthday of Valley Grains” (Gu Zi Sheng Ri). In recognition of the essential role of grain—particularly rice—in sustaining life, ancestors believed that abstaining from eating rice on this specific day was an act of profound gratitude toward these staple crops and the heavens.
This dietary fast was a solemn offering, intended to demonstrate humility and appreciation, thereby praying for favorable weather conditions and a bountiful harvest (feng tiao yu shun, wu gu feng deng) in the coming year. Since the ancient Chinese livelihood was inextricably linked to agricultural yield, this small sacrifice was seen as a vital investment in future survival and prosperity.
The practice serves as a tangible link to China’s deep agricultural roots, reminding modern society of the traditional dependence on the cycle of the seasons and the bounty of the land. Whether observing the rice fast or simply opting for a quiet day of rest, the enduring traditions of Chor San continue to connect contemporary citizens with historical efforts toward securing peace and plenty.
Key Takeaway Actions for Chor San
- Prioritize Rest: Utilize the day for relaxation and recharging following the busy initial celebrations.
- Avoid Conflict: Refrain from important or formal social engagements to minimize the risk of verbal disputes associated with Chi Kou.
- Embrace Gratitude: Consider abstaining from rice, reflecting the ancient practice of honoring agricultural grains and praying for a prosperous harvest.
- Promote Peace: If observing the custom, perform tie chi kou by affixing positive, auspicious phrases to your doorway to attract goodwill.